OUTLINE OF THE COURSE
Introduction: Course philosophy
Plan, expectations, concerns
Membrane structure: time-averaged Intro on lipids
Membranes
do not stretch: cell
swelling cell
scanning EM
Membrane curvature: ceramide-induced budding
What
drives self-assembly? Cooperative behavior: critical micellar
concentration
Phospholipid phases: phase transitions
Why dynamic motion? What motions
take place?
Lateral motion: measurement,
rates: aquaporin
single particle tracking lateral diffusion
movies
Flourescence recovery after photobleaching
(FRAP)
Visualization using molecular simulation: membrane
simulations
Stability of structure of
membrane components: energy level, hydropathy scales
hydropathy scales paper VDAC images
What determines spacing between
phospholipids? What determines membrane thickness?
Transient
binding of proteins to membranes...quantitative understanding
Transmembrane potentials
Surface charge...surface potentials...local pH...local pressure
Gouy-Chapman theory
Permeation
Diffusion experimental
results
Membrane
Potentials
Barriers to
permeation....building small compartments
Solubility-diffusion vs.
molecular sieving permeability
data
The influence of charge: why are larger
structures more permeable through membranes? Born
Dipole
Potential
Flux Equations energetics
Equilibrium situations:
electrostatic, osmotic
Origins of membrane potentials
Mechanisms of enhanced
permeation membrane
transport
Carrier-based Translocation
Fundamental processes: symport, antiport, uniport mitochondrial
transport
Energy transduction using
carriers: energy conservation, energy distribution, efficiency vs. rate of
output
Glusose transport systems review
of glucose transport glucose transport
Structure and function of ATP/ADP translocator (antiport)
Ion pumps
The
smallest, most abundant motor on the planet. H+-ATPase
Fo mechanism
Yoshida
Achieving energy transduction
between ion gradients and ATP
Movies: 12345
YouTube movie YouTube movie YouTube movie YouTube movie
F-type Na+-ATPase ATP synthase structures
Baterial flagellum...an ion-driven
motor model YouTube movie
Light-coupled proton
pumping bacteriorhodopsin bacteriorhodopsin mechanism red lakes
proton conduction
YouTube movie YouTube movie YouTube movie
Harvesting
energy from light by charge separation photochemical
reaction center photosystem II YouTube
movie
Redox-driven proton pumping: electron transport chain electron transport chain oxidative
phosphorylation cytochrome oxidase cytochrome oxidase mechanism
complex
I complex I
complex
I power point complex III (b-c1 complex)
Ca-ATPase 0.26 nm crystal structure see mechanism in
text Ca-ATPase
figures:123 Ca-ATPase
Channels
simple overview 12 compendium
of ion channels
Experimental measurements
Formation by toxins: agents for
chemical warfare among micro-organisms gramicidin
gramicidin simulation
Known structures: complex
machines with subtle beauty maltoporin maltoporin movie MscL KcsA KcsA-Roux channels etc.
ryanodine receptor
Gating processes: detecting and
responding to environmental stimuli models of gating (from Ion
Channels of Excitable Membranes by Hille)
Analysis of voltage gating theory
I/V plots
Force felt by the protein; gating current
Voltage gated channels
Power point
presentations: blocking and selectivity Eisenman
VDAC Na+-K+-Ca++ channels Hodgkin/Huxley
Papers on KcsA 1
2
3
Insight into the humanity behind the science
Nobel Prize 1988 photosynthetic reaction center Nobel Prize 1997 proton ATPase