course outline

OUTLINE OF THE COURSE

Introduction: Course philosophy
Plan, expectations, concerns

Membrane structure: time-averaged Intro on lipids

Membranes do not stretch: cell swelling cell scanning EM

Membrane curvature: ceramide-induced budding

What drives self-assembly? Cooperative behavior: critical micellar concentration
Phospholipid phases: phase transitions
Why dynamic motion? What motions take place?
Lateral motion: measurement, rates: aquaporin single particle tracking lateral diffusion movies

Lateral phase separation in liposomes: paper1 paper2

Flourescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) you tube movie
Visualization using molecular simulation: membrane simulations
Stability of structure of membrane components: energy level, hydropathy scales

hydropathy scales paper VDAC images
What determines spacing between phospholipids? What determines membrane thickness?

Transient binding of proteins to membranes...quantitative understanding
Transmembrane potentials
Surface charge...surface potentials...local pH...local pressure

Gouy-Chapman theory

Permeation

Diffusion experimental results

Membrane Potentials

Barriers to permeation....building small compartments
Solubility-diffusion vs. molecular sieving permeability data
The influence of charge: why are larger structures more permeable through membranes? Born
Dipole Potential
Flux Equations energetics
Equilibrium situations: electrostatic, osmotic
Origins of membrane potentials
Mechanisms of enhanced permeation membrane transport

Carrier-based Translocation

Fundamental processes: symport, antiport, uniport mitochondrial transport
Energy transduction using carriers: energy conservation, energy distribution, efficiency vs. rate of output

Glusose transport systems review of glucose transport glucose transport

Structure and function of ATP/ADP translocator (antiport)

Ion pumps

The smallest, most abundant motor on the planet. H⁺-ATPase ATP synthase
Fo mechanism ATP synthase PDB site

Achieving energy transduction between ion gradients and ATP
Movies: 1 2 3 4 5 YouTube movie YouTube movie YouTube movie YouTube movie
Rotation movies

F-type Na⁺-ATPase ATP synthase structures

Atomic force microscopy of ATPase dynamics
Baterial flagellum...an ion-driven motor model
Light-coupled proton pumping bacteriorhodopsin bacteriorhodopsin mechanism red lakes proton conduction
YouTube movie YouTube movie YouTube movie

Harvesting energy from light by charge separation photochemical reaction center photosystem II YouTube movie
Redox-driven proton pumping: citric acid cycle electron transport chain redox potential

electron transport chain electron transport chain oxidative phosphorylation

cytochrome oxidase mechanism
complex I complex I complex I power point complex III (b-c1 complex)
Ca-ATPase mechanism figures:1 2 3

Coupled flow: fig1 fig2 paper get page 1897

Channels

simple overview 1 2 compendium of ion channels
Experimental measurements
Formation by toxins: agents for chemical warfare among micro-organisms gramicidin gramicidin simulation
Known structures: complex machines with subtle beauty maltoporin maltoporin movie MscL KcsA KcsA-Roux channels etc.
Gating processes: detecting and responding to environmental stimuli models of gating (from Ion Channels of Excitable Membranes by Hille)

Analysis of voltage gating theory I/V plots
Force felt by the protein; gating current
Voltage gated channels
Power point presentations: blocking and selectivity

Eisenman sequences

VDAC Na⁺-K⁺-Ca⁺⁺channels Hodgkin/Huxley action potential simulation

Papers on KcsA 1 2 3

Experimental approaches to channel gating: Biotin/Avidin

Ion Selectivity … an extreme example PorA/C1

Achieving high flow and high selectivity: well-designed channels are far more than just holes

Access resistance: getting there can be half the battle

Complex membrane phenomena

oxidative phosphorylation chemiosmotic coupling

action potential generation...Hodgkin-Huxley model equations

Background

Protein Structure